In Class 6-2-11

Well, I'm not in class for the next few days but I'm keeping up with whatever I can from Mr. Schick's website

In Class 6-1-11

In class today we went over the answers on the quiz thing that I missed on Friday.

In Class 5-25-11

We started off class by reviewing the Rome test, sadly not all of us got A's so we can't shave Mr. Schick's head. But that's no big deal, then we got a packet to read and do answers on.

The answers were:

Inflation: A huge increase in the price of something

Diocletian: A Roman emperor from 284 to 305

Constantine: He was a Roman emperor and sometimes considered a saint because he was the first emperor to convert to Christianity.

Eastern Empire: Was the most prosperous side of the empire

Western Empire: The less-prosperous side of the empire

Edict of Milan: A letter signed by Constantine that dealt with religious tolerance

Constantinople: The imperial capital of the Roman empire

Huns: A group of people that migrated into Europe in AD 370

Attila: The ruler of the Huns

Leo I: An emperor over eastern Rome

Romulus Augustulus: The final western Emperor in 475-476

Odoacer: The king of Italy who basically ended the empire

1. Trade routes, treasuries and agriculture all dried up so Rome could no longer rely on themselves 
2. The military changed from a group of people fighting for a cause, it became a group of people just looking for a paycheck and unreliable barbarians
3. Constantine ended persecution of Christians, ordered the men of the military to have a cross put on they're sheilds
4. 
   

In Class 5-23-11

In class today we went over our essays, and now we're onto our final drafts

My Study Guide for the Test

• Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor 
• Christians were thought of more of a cult
• People that didn't worship the emperor were sometimes thrown into the Colosseum with the lions for entertainment 
• Even though Christians were treated like this, by A.D. 200 Christianity made up 10% of the Roman Empire
• The Roman Republic had a Senate and Console
• The Roman Republic had Democracy, Monarchy, and Aristocracy 
• Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks were the first to get into Rome
• A legion was the military formation
• A legion consisted of about 60 centuries 
• A century was a group within the legion 
• There were about 80 people per century
• A legion was a better war formation than the Greek phalanx because they could move in all directions
• Paul was who spread Christianity, even though before that he criticized it
• In order, the emperors were: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius 
• Basically, only Augustus and Claudius were good emperors
• Tiberius and Caligula were bad emperors 

In Class 5-16-11

• Augustus died at age 76 in A.D. 14
• After he died, power was handed to Tiberius
• Tiberius said that the Senate was "men fit to be slaves"
• Tiberius and Germanicus were allies 
• After years, Tiberius became so paranoid that Germanicus was going to succeed, so he had him killed
• Tiberius was 77 years old when he died in A.D. 37 
• Caligula was Germanicus' son and Tiberius' adopted grandson
• Being the Tiberius' adopted grandson, he was next in line to be emperor 
• He started off good as emperor, giving the military bonuses, and made government spending a public thing
• After a while, he started fighting with the Senate
• Claimed that he was a God
• Had statues of himself posted all over the place, including in a Jewish temple
• Putting a statue in a Jewish temple was wrong because he was basically making fun of the Jews
• He was assassinated by his own aids in A.D. 41 at age 28
• After the assassination, Claudius was next in line
• He had birth defects
• People criticized him when he was a child
• After people found out that he was the last person in line after Caligula, they became a lot nicer then them
• He was expected to be a horrible leader
• Instead, he did things that Ceasear  couldn't
• He took over Britain
• Renovated the Circus Maximus 
• He had a bad wife who cheated on him all the time
• She plotted to take power from Claudius, and give it to her other lover
• Before this went through, Claudius had Messalina and her lover killed
• In 66 A.D. a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel
• Roman troops shot their rebellion down and burnt down the temple
• Everything in the temple burned except for one wall
• The Western Wall is the one wall that didn't burn and it is the holiest of all Jewish shrines 
• Half a million Jews died in the rebellion
• 
  

In Class 5-9-11

In class today we went over the Greek and Rome tests. I didn't do so well but since I got the tests back for the final I think I'll do fine

In Class 4-29-11

We listened to Mr. Schick's rap. It was AWESOME. Here are the pictures:

Caesar being stabbed
                                                  

Lepidus

Mark Antony

GLADIATOR FIGHTS!

Hannibal just chilling.

No more kings!

Horseback fighting. No big deal 

Rome

ITS THE HAMBURGLAR!!!!!!

Thats a bad war

In Class 4-28-11

In class we took ANOTHER pop quiz, which was alright I guess even though I failed horribly. After the quiz, we started talking about the answers, which helped because I knew like, four out of ten. Since we had tornado warnings all throughout the day we had a pretty shortened class so the quiz and going over it is all we did.

In Class 4-27-11

Today in class we didn't do much big. Mostly all we did was talk about what we learned about Rome in our reading. And oh yea, we took a pop quiz

In Class 4-26-11

In class today we ended our chapters on Greece and began to move on to Rome. Since Mr. Schick was all sick and such we had to read about Rome and of course, my computer decides not to work with the PDF file that was sent, so it took an extra 15 minutes just for me to start. After the reading there were questions on it, but since I couldn't get it to my computer I had to write it all down.

Republic: A political unit NOT ruled by a monarch, but is ruled by a leader chosen by the people. NOT a democracy because a republic votes for representatives and a democracy votes straight to the leaders

Gravitas: A virtue someone has if they are discipline, strong, and loyal


Pater Familias: "Father of the Family" He had power over his whole family and legally could kill someone in his family if need be.


Toga: A loose outer garment that basically drapes over the person


Patrician: A specially family, known to be a very privileged class. They believed that they are born from the founders of Rome.


Plebeian: A common person like a farmer, artisian, or a merchant


Legion: A massive military unit, consisting of 4 to 6 thousand men


Century: A sub group within the legion holding around 80 people per group and a legion consisted of 60 centuries


Italy: The peninsula that holds the city-state of Rome


Rome: A very successful city-state inside of Italy


Romulus: One of the twins, parented by the god Mars, and Rhea Silvia. Him and his brother Remus were put in a basket to float down the Tiber River in hopes that they would drown.


Palatine Hill: The hill that Romulus chose to be the center of Rome


Alps:


Tiber River: The river that the jealous Latin King set Romulus and Remus down to kill them


Apennines: A lower mountain range running down the length of Italy


Latins: People that walked across the Alps in 1000 B.C. and settled on either side of the Tiber River


Etruscans: Another group of wanderers that settled in Northern Italy between 1200 B.C. and 800 B.C.


Forum: The heart of Roman political life


#1: Geography was so important to Rome because Italy is right in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, so basically it was a trading gold mine. Also being right on the shore was important because they could then see oncoming threats from the sea against them.

#2: Greeks, Latins, and Etruscans are all important to Roman development because it took pieces of all three customs to make one great one, like what Alexander the Great did.

#3: Early Rome had a set of values that dealt mainly with strength, loyalty, and discipline.

#4: Roman households the same in most houses. The men were the leaders of the house and did what they wanted, and the women was respected, and kept things moving around the house and cooked and such.

#5: Roman army effected society because all men were required to join.

Alexander the Great Pt. 2

• Alexander went through his entire life without ever losing a battle
• Myth says it that whenever something important in Alexanders life, a hawk flies above
• Alexander's army fought so much harder because they actually fought for what they wanted, not just a paycheck like the Persians
• Alexander was king of everything at age 25
• After conquering Persia, they accepted him as a leader because he began to blend cultures, not just wipe everything else out
• Darius got killed by his own commanders because of his vicious acts against his own people
• Alexander began to hunt for the commanders that killed Darius 
• Alexander got 10 cities named after himself through his journey
• Alexander began to cross through into India to take over the whole world
• Darius got shot by an arrow, but survived

Alexander the Great

• His mother was Olympus
• Olympus told Alexander that his real father was Achilles
• Alexander was tutored by Aristotle 
• Philip of Macedon was Alexanders real father  
• Alexander took over when he was only 20
• Alexander rode Beuseffelis when he was a young boy, no one else could do it 
• Alexander lead in the Battle of Gaugamala 
• Alexander was outnumbered 6 to 1 in this battle
• Its believed that Darius The Great got the money to get Alexanders father killed
• Alexander went after Darius and the Persian Empire after the murder of his father
• They used to take out the intestines of  a bull before and read them to see the future
• Their war formation was called Phalenx and it is still taught today

Last Questions on Presentations

Katie:

1. Who were the first main philosophers? Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
2. Who was the first philosopher in western civilization? Socrates. 
3. What did Socrates try to spread to people? Caring for the soul is the most important thing in life, a good person cannot be harmed by other people, and its important to know who we are. 

100% because it separated each philosopher and what big things each of them did. 

Even More More Questions on Presentations

Emma:

1. What was the multi-sport thing in the Olympics? Pentathlon 
2. What was the reward for winning? A crown of olive leaves and a statue of them at Olympia 

95% 

Jeffy: 

1. What were the first structures made out of? Wood
2. Where were Ionic columns made? Ionian islands 

90% because it just had facts. No fun

Cole: 

1. Why did Sparta attack Athens? Because they feared Athens was becoming too strong
2. What did Athens lose from this war? Their Democratic Republic

100% because the cake was whats up

Even More Questions on the Presentations

Taylor:

1. What was special about Homer? He was blind
2. What was one of his most famous books? Odyssey

100% because she read a summarized version of the 400 page drama The Odyssey and it was cool.

The Parthenon:

1. When did the Parthenon get nearly destroyed? In the battle against the Venetians 
2. What leader had the idea to make the Parthenon? Pericles  

90% because it had some mixed up information

Clark:

1. Who invented the Archimedes screw? Archimedes 
2. What did Plato make advancements in? Astronomy

100% because it was awesome!

Catherine: 

1. What invention made pot making easier? 
2. What caused pottery to go bad? Collapse of Mycenaean society in the Dark Age

100% because it explains each era of pottery and showed examples so we can see what they actually did.

Gracie:

1. How was the poetry spread? People remembered the long things and retell them to other people
2. What events came from the poetry? They were made into plays for everyone to see

100% because it had a bunch of different kinds of poetry and how it got big

Kristy:

1. What was the main reason Socrates was arrested? after they lost the war they needed to blame someone for their loss
2. What was the penalty he was demanded? Death

More Questions on Presentations

Alyssa:

1. Do you think the armor that was worn during battles helped them win instead of their fighting power?
2. Was Sparta so powerful just because they had strong worriers  or was it great military strategy?

100%! Because it included a lot of things that revolved her topic and it was long and chill

Caitlyn: 

1. Where in Greece did this drama actually start getting big enough to be preformed in front of hundreds of people?
2. What were the stages called?

100% because her video was classic

Clarke:

1. Who did Philip hire to become Alexanders tutor?
2. What God did Alexander's mother say was his actual father? 

95% because it had good facts but it was just a regular slide show with nothing else

Questions for for the Presentations

Kamau:

1. If Spartan soldiers mistreated the younger soldiers, did that sometimes lead to some of the soldiers leaving the state because of the way they were treated?
2. If they drafted all of the boys into the army at a young age, how come they only had 300 soldiers against Persia?

Fiona:

1. Did Spartan and Athenian allies play a big part in who won, or did they not do much
2. How long did the peace treaty stay for?

The Greeks: More Notes from the Movie Pt. 3

• Pericles was the ruler of Athens at its golden era
• The Parthenon was the most glorious thing in Athens history
• The Parthenon Frieze was a wall that sculptures were drawn all over
• Pericles let his prostitute in on conversations he has with important people in Athens
• This isn't usual for 5th century Athens
• Odepius was a man in a tragedy that he ends up having a sexual relationship with his mother...
• All Gods in ancient Greece had one fatal flaw in their powers
• Pericles went on to make Athens the undisputed leader of the Mediterranean area 
• To get to be the leader of the Mediterranean area, Pericles knew he had to defeat Sparta 
• Wanting to be the leader of the area was Pericles' fetal flaw
• To go into the battle with Sparta, Pericles told the Athenian to leave their homes once again 

The Greeks: More Notes from the Movie Pt. 2

• Themistocles worked his way up to being a general through the new democracy that begun
• Triremes were lightweight war boats that Themistocles wanted to begin the Athens Navy
• Themistocles began a Naval force of over 200 triremes
• As soon as Themistocles built these, Xerxes promised that in his fathers honor, he would burn Athens to the ground
• The military that Xerxes made for this war was something like 2 million men
• The people of Athens went to see the Oracle of Delehi to see what was going to happen to them in this war
• The Oracle said that they were doomed and that they should run before they get trashed by some Persians
• Themistocles sent people back to the Oracle
• The Oracle said "The wooden wall only would not fail" 
• Themistocles said that this meant inside the walls of the wooden triremes
• Athens was ordered to evacuate
• The people of Athens fled to Salamis 
• Xerxes and his men went into Athens, and burnt down the acropolis  
• The Persians lost 200 ships in this war and had its Navy broken
• Athens was head of the Delian League 
• Themistocles got banished from Athens
• Athens had said that Themistocles had "gotten too big for his boats"
• He had finally died while he was still in exile somewhere in Persia
• Pericles was the next ruler for Athens
• Pericles wanted to create a place where people would admire it forever
• Pericles commanded people to recreate the acropolis that was burnt down and changing it to the parthenon  
• The parthenon was a billion dollar statue in modern day money
• Aspasia was a foreign woman that was basically a prostitute
• The Greeks basically invented drama and comedies 

The Greeks: More Notes from the Movie Pt. 2

• The people of Athens began a revolution
• Isagoris was the leader that took over after Hippias 
• The people of Athens stood up against Isagoris 
• This revolution was in 508 B.C 
• During the end of the revolution, Isagoris was hiding at the top of the acropolis with Spartan soldiers 
• The Agora was the central meeting place when Cleisthenes came back to government to start democracy
• The idea of using the black rock and the white rock to vote on what you want began democracy
• In 490 B.C Pheidippides ran from Athens to Sparta to try to get help for the fight they are about to have against Persia
• Athenians had little hope in this battle against Persia
• But, the Greeks won
• This battle was the first victory a democracy had ever seen 
• Themistocles was an Athenian general 

The Greeks: More Detailed Notes from the Movie

• Greeks achieved their success by winning battles that were so uneven 
• 508 B.C was when Athens turned on their rulers, demanding freedom 
• Cleisthenes, who had been brought up from birth to be a leader, realized that the people of Athens needed to have freedom 
• Cleisthenes was an aristocrat 
• An acropolis was the "highest city" in Greece
• Reading and writing was not a usual skill
• Life expectancy in Athens was somewhere around 50 years
• Athenians lived under the rule of aristocrats
• In Greece, mountains are everywhere, cutting off ideas of wanting to combine forces with another area, so they weren't thought to have such strong militarily
• The places in Greece were called City States
• Sparta was the City State that dominated military in the area
• Spartans were brought up from birth to be soldiers by being separated from their families starting when the boys are six or seven years old
• The food that was given to the soldiers was so bad that the soldiers weren't worried about dieing because dieing wasn't as bad as eating that food
• Mythology influenced the young children in ancient Greece
• Iliad and Odyssey were maybe the most influential to the citizens in Greece, written by Homer
• Some people in ancient Greece memorized Iliad and Odyssey, and they are like, 400 page myths
• Everyone in Greece knew what the stories were about 
• In the 6th century, Athens got taken over by a tyrant 
• This tyrant was Pisistratus 
• Pisistratus was Cleisthenes' brother-in-law
• The original meaning of a tyrant was someone that came in and ceased power
• Back then, a tyrant didn't always mean that he was a bad ruler
• Pisistratus realized that to continue his rule and to ensure that his family would become rulers, he understood that he needed strong allies
• Pisistratus' rule began Athens growing 
• To get the people in Athens to like him, he lowered taxes, and he began giving out loans
• Pisistratus did this so people weren't going to stand up and run him out of government
• Greece was surrounded by huge military powers, from the Persian Empire, to Italian barbarians, and then the Roman Empire
• Other places were willing to trade their goods for the olives grown in Athens 
• Athens first great artistic legacy began at the vase 
• The look of the pot wasn't what was important, the contents inside the pot was more important
• Potters in Athens weren't thought as trash, but they weren't given any special rights
• 527 B.C Pisistratus died
• After Pisistratus' death, his son, Hippias took over
• Pisistratus was a tyrant, but that didn't mean he was a bad ruler
• But when Hippias took over, Athenians realized tyrants are also bad
• In 540 B.C Hippias' brother was killed
• After his brothers death, Hippias became a trash ruler
• Numerous executions and exiles were called by Hippias 
• The modern term, tyrant, is now what was happening under Hippias rule
• Cleisthenes realized Athenian life was going downhill 
• Cleisthenes took it into his own hands to restore Athenian life, and to overthrow Hippias
• 510 B.C Cleisthenes becomes ruler of Athens after overthrowing Hippias 
• After overthrowing Hippias, they didn't kill him or imprison him, they banished him from Athens
• Cleisthenes became the most powerful man in Athens

The Greeks

Today we watched "The Greeks" and these are the notes that I took:

• In 508 B.C Cleisthenes found that the people needed freedom
• Athens was on the peninsula thats now Greece 
• Reading and writing was a rare skill to Athenians 
• Sciences weren't even introduced yet
• Athenians lived under the rule of aristocrats
• In Greece,  there was mountains everywhere, so it was an unusual place for great colonies to form
• Corinthians dominated Greek trade
• Sparta was the colony that looked like they dominated the military in that area
• Spartan soldiers began training for the military at extremely young ages
• Spartan food was so bad, because eating the food was almost worse then dieing, so if they ate that, they wouldn't be afraid to die in battle
• Mythology was a huge part of the colonies everywhere in Greece
• Images of war heroes are found everywhere on Greek art
• In the middle of the 6th century, Pisistratus demanded that he became ruler of Athens 
• With Pisistratus became ruler, people saw that Athens became more successful 
• Pottery was huge in ancient Greece
• Back then, it didn't matter what the pot itself looked like, it mattered what actually was inside of it
• In 527 B.C Hippias took over Athens after his father, Pisistratus died
• Hippias' brother got killed, and he executed the murderers and tortured one of the wifes
• Since his brothers death, Hippias began to be much more of a tyrant 
• Hippias feared that someone would try to take him out
• Cleisthenes was this man that tried to do that
• Cleisthenes successfully took over Hippias and threw him out of Athens
• The Olympics were created here in ancient Greece, but back then there was no reward in winning
• Thousands of people came to watch the ancient Olympics 
• The Spartans backed up Isagoras to take over Athens from Cleisthenes rule.  
• While Cleisthenes was gone from Athens, the Athenians revolted against Isagoras and his Spartan soldiers and took their destiny into their own hands
• On the third day of fighting for freedom, the Athenians got Isagoras to surrender
• After the revolution, Athenians once again needed a person to be their leader
• Cleisthenes was recalled to become leader of Athens once again
• Athenians and Cleisthenes sat down and began talking about what they are going to do now
• Cleisthenes began the idea of democracy by giving power to the people to decide what they wanted
• The modern American Government and many other successful governments were based on Cleisthenes' start 
• Phidippides was sent from Athens to run 140 miles to Sparta to help them fight against the Persians
• The Persian empire was literally the place not to mess with, they aren't a joke when it comes to war
• Athens, at the time, didn't have a standing army so all the men in Athens had to come together
• Phidippides' run to Sparta in a desperate run for help, only to get denied by the Spartans
• Athenians were forced to fight by themselves, in a fight that was almost impossible to win
• In the end, Athenians realized they didn't need Spartan help anyways and made an amazing victory against Persia 
• Themistocles was an Athenian general that realized that Athens needed a strong navy because he knew they couldn't continue fighting the way they were
• Themistocles began to make a huge fleet of 200 triremes
• Darius I of Persia had died, leaving his son, Xerxes to take the throne 
• Xerxes swore that he would avenge his fathers death
• Xerxes began on a run to take over everywhere 
• Athenians heard about Xerxes' taking over and knew they would be his first target
• Athenians were in terror and their only option was to turn to their Gods
• Athenians asked their oracle what they could do to save themselves 
• The oracle gave negative answers and made people think that even the Gods have turned on them
• Themistocles declared that they had to fight Persia at sea
• Themistocles said that they should meet at Salamis, he also declared that everyone should leave their homes and go into exile
• Persians wen into an abandoned Athens, and burned everything 

In Class 3-10-11

In class today we went over the Slides we did on ancient Greece. My slide was about the Bridge of Hellespont that Xerxes built to attack Greece, reading the articles about it, it really confused me because it said: "According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Xerxes' first attempt to bridge the Hellespont ended in failure when a storm destroyed the flax and papyrus bridge; Xerxes ordered the Hellespont (the strait itself) whipped three hundred times and had fetters thrown into the water" This made absolutely no sense to me because the man commanded people to whip a body of watter...? I though I just read a typo, but whatever. We also talked about Leonidas, a Spartan king that went through the training the youths did to become a warrior. Leonidas and his 300 warriors fought off millions of Persian soldiers and they actually were successful for a few days fighting at Thermopylae, this inspired the rest of Greece to join together and fight against Persia. Back in ancient Greece this battle of Thermopylae was so unheard of because Persia was the greatest empire the ancient world has EVER seen, so since this is true, Persia wasn't a place to mess with. Herodotus was a Greek historian and is known as the "Father of History". He was the first historian to collect materials systematically, and test for the accuracy and arranged them very detailed. Some of the stories Herodotus wrote were not completely true, all he said was "I only write what I hear". 

New Notes on Egypt

• Egypt's economy consists of: money from tourism, oil and gas manufacturing, and agriculture.
• Egypt's official language is Arabic, but English, French, and German are sometimes taught.
• In Egypt, the people are packed in such a little space because the rest of Egypt is a desert
• 90% of the people are Muslim, and the rest is Christian (Coptic)
• Egypt is the 5th worst for religious freedom
• Egypt is 12th in the world for religious violence
• In 1953 Egypt declared a Republic
• 1954-1970 was ruled by Gamal Nasser and he formed an allegiance with the Soviet Union and he nationalized the Suez Canal
• 1970-1981 was ruled by Anwar Sadat and he switched allegiance to the United States, was assassinated in 1981
• 1981-2011 was ruled by Hosni Mubarak, he kept alliance with US (helped in Iraq war) he was accused of corruption, political persecution, human rights violations, and was driven from office last month
• Egypt is currently ruled by military junta, but elections scheduled for September 2011

In Class 3-3-11

In class we went over the Prezi that the class started going over yesterday while I wasn't here. 


Notes:

• Managing the river required technological breakthroughs, such as dams, and canals.
• The canals lead through to the Mediterranean Sea 
• There were classes of people back in Ancient Egypt
• Slaves or servants helped the wealthy with household and child raising duties 
• Artisans would carve statues and reliefs showing military battles an scenes in the afterlife
• Scribes kept records, told stories, and wrote poetry. Also they'd write in hieroglyphs and in hieratic
• Hieroglyphs were pictures that describe something in an easier way then writing it out
• Soldiers used wooden weapons (bows&arrows, spears) with bronze tips and might ride chariots 
• Upper class, known as the "white kilt class" were priests, physicians, and engineers
• Religious and political leaders were the only class higher than the white kilt class
• Pharaohs were the political and religious leaders of Egypt
• Otherwise known as "Lord of the two lands" because of his rule of all the land
• He protected Egypt against foreign invasion
• Hatshepsut was a woman who served as pharaoh 
• Cleopatara VII also served as pharaoh

Questions For Sarah

1. How did you feel as you were just starting as a part of this revolution?
2. What main reasons caused you to be a part of this revolution?
3. Did you feel safe since you were in such a huge crowd or were you still worried about the police brutality that was going on?
4. Was the police brutality aspect of the whole problem a serious reason you began to be a protester?
5. What feelings went through your head when you heard that Mubarak stepped down on the 11th?
6. What did you do to get your point across during this huge revolution?
7. Were you a part of the April 6th movement also?
8. Has this revolution, and the breaking down of the police force, made living unsafe to be in Egypt since there is almost no protection?
9. How has things changed since Mubarak stepped down?
10. Have you seen the police brutality first hand? 

In Class 2-23-11

In class we watched the few people that would stand up in front of the class do their rap on Egypt. We also watched a video on a young girl in Egypt that is greatly affected by whats going on in their country. In the video it showed that the girl had had some bad relationships with people in her family because some of them disagree with her idea to be a part of the Revolution of the Egyptian government. The video also shows how a corrupted government not only affects life directly, but it also affects it indirectly depending on how you look at it. We also talked about how the Revolution in Egypt have began a wave of revolutions in areas around them in the same situation. 

Interesting Facts on Ancient Egypt

• The pyramids were started in 2575-2150 bc.
• The Pyramids were built to put the dead bodies in.
• So if the Pharaohs body was not done properly it would not be able to carry out it's job as King of the Dead.
• There is 80 known pyramids built in Egypt
• The First built pyramid was named The Step Pyramid of Dejoser. 2630 bc.
• The largest pyramid in the world was The Great Pyramid. It was built for King Khufu. 2.3 million blocks to build it. Each block weighed 2.5 tons a piece.
• The Egyptian people buried their dead in the dessert. Their body dehydrated quickly form the heat and the sand. Which created real life like mummies.
• Later Egyptians buried their dead in coffins. To protect them from the animals.
• They soon found out that these bodies decayed because they were not dehydrated from the sun and sand.
• Years later the Egyptians acquired a way preserving their dead. It is called embalming is being wrapped in linen and cloth.
• The most powerful person in Egypt were called the Pharaoh.
• They were the political and religious leader.
• Holding the name of Lord of the Two Land and High Priest.
• Since he was ruler of the Two Lands he was the Ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt.
• He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt from Foreigners.
• Egypt has many Gods and Godesses for most of the things that they need.
• Some of their Gods and Godesses were thought to be there during creation.
• Some Gods and Godesses were gave annual offerings.
• Some brought the floods each year.
• Other Gods gave the people protection.
• Some took care of themafter they died.
• The ancient Egyptians believed that it was important to recognize and worship their Gods and Godesses so life would go smoothly.
• The Egyptians had an almost perfect time system that relied on the sun and and moonlight to see the time.
• The Egyptians also had a good writting system. They created images and signs which were called hieroglyphics. The richer people or royalty used scribes.

Beginning Egypt.

Pyramids:

• Egyptians began getting good building pyramids around 2575 B.C. to about 2150 B.C. 
• Pyramids were built to house the dead, mummified bodies of the Pharaohs.
• If Pharaohs weren't properly taken care of after they died, it was said that they could not follow through with their duties to be king of the dead, breaking maybe the most important Egyptian cycle.
• The Step Pyramid of Djoser was the very first pyramid built, built in 2630 B.C. to hold the Pharaoh Djoser.
• The Great Pyramid was the largest pyramid in the world and was built for King Khufu, and took 2.3 million stone blocks to build, with each block weighing from 2.5-15 tons.
• Egyptian villagers overseen by the Pharaoh's supervisors were the builders of the pyramids, not slaves.  

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html

Mummy's:

• People that died were buried in the desert so their body gets dehydrated from the sun and sand to suck out all the fluids in them, which causes them not to disintegrate.
• After a while, Egyptian's began burying them in coffins to protect them from animals. 
• Body's began to disintegrate when they were in coffins because they cant be dehydrated by the sun or sand.
• Years later, the Egyptians acquired a way preserving their dead. It is called embalming is being wrapped in linen cloth. 

http://ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/home.html

Pharaohs: 

• A Pharaoh was the most powerful person in Egypt and was a political and religious leader. 
• A Pharaoh was known as "Lord of the Two Lands" because he had control over upper and lower Egypt.
• He protected Egypt from foreign people trying to invade. 

http://ancientegypt.co.uk/pharaoh/home.html

Essay Question

In ancient times there used to be groups of people called hunter gatherers, and they were a group that relied on the success hunters would have so they could eat that day. But that was a problem because what if the hunters couldn't kill anything that day, or even if the animals in that area ran out? They came up with an idea to have gatherers also so even if hunters don't have luck with finding food some people can go out and look for wild berry or things like that. After a while people sadly found out they will run out of resources sooner or later, and when they faced that they had to pack their bags up and move on to another place that has things they can hunt and gather. Another problem with the gathering part of hunter gatherers is that the things they gather could usually never hold up and sustain a healthy diet because of the nutrients that they lacked. And even if the plants could hold a healthy diet, there wasn't close to enough things to gather to continuously feed whole civilizations of people. 
People made the transition to these hunter gatherers to more advanced farmers because they came to realize that hunting and gathering worked on occasion but defiantly not a main food source. In an ancient area called the Fertile Crescent, it was said that the first ever group of farmers and the idea of farming started there. Instead of hoping you catch something that night so you can feed your family or gathering berry's that may or may not make you sick people decided to take advantage of planting things such as wheat, grain, and barley. The Fertile Crescent was uncovered by a Canadian architect and he found that there was a building in the civilization made just for the crops that they began planting and began to domesticate. When they started farming crops it changed everything. Civilizations didn't have to migrate so often because they didn't have to chase after their food, because they could plant it whenever they pleased. Also since they planted things now, not everyone in the civilization had to go out and hunt, so that gave more people the opportunity to become specialized workers. The beginning of specialized workers also made things better because they could build more things and begin other things.
Farming began in this "Fertile Crescent" because of they're geographical luck. They literally had everything they needed to have success in planting crops and starting farming. They had fertile soil so they could easily plant things instead of having to dig into hard rocky ground that would stop the plant from growing. They also had a great climate for planting because it wasn't too cold for the plants to live, but it wasn't too hot either so they were blessed with that and that helped them grow faster than an area like Papua New Guinea.

In Class 2-9-11

In class today all we did was go over the things that are going to be on the test we have next class. All my notes are on my onenote

More Papua New Guinea Notes

• Tok Pisin, English, and Hiri Motu are the official languages. 
• Has a literacy percentage of 57.3%.
• Median age structure is 21.6 years. 
• Life expectancy is about 66 years. 
• They're 75th in the world for HIV/AIDS related deaths.
• Degree of risk for major infectious diseases is very high.
• Melanseian, Papuan, Negrito, Microneasion, and Polyneasian are they're ethnic groups. 
• Has cannibals in Papua New Guinea.
• 27% Roman Catholic, 19.5% Lutheran, 11.5% United Church, 10% 7th Day Adventists, 8.6% Pentacostal, 3.2% Anglican, 2.5% Baptist, 5.2%  Evangelical Alliance, 8.9% Protestant, 0.3% Bahai, 3.3% other beliefs. 

Papua New Guinea Notes

• Papua New Guinea has 6 million people
• They now have coal, silver, gold and things like that
• Unemployment rate is 11th in the world
• Industrial production growth rate is 16th in the world
• Mostly Christian 
• Oil production is 68th in the world
• Real growth rate is 34th in the world
• Almost half their military is females
• Only 125,000 internet users out of their 6 million population
• 54,000 people living with AIDS
• 125th in the world for electricity income
• .49% of their land is arable 

In Class 2-4-11

In class today we went over the domesticated animals that the class learned about yesterday while I was absent. After that we continued to watch Guns, Germs, & Steel and where domesticated animals are from. It showed that there were NO domesticated animals that began in Papua New Guinea and thats one of the main reasons that they haven't progressed from desperately looking for food and other places are more advanced. The Fertile Crescent was an area right above the Middle East that was basically a blessed area for agriculture because its so Fertile so thats where it got its name. In this area there was what looked to be a civilization with buildings that used natural air conditioning by having windows and such. These homes weren't just places to rest your head, they were actually a safe place from nature. The people around the Fertile Crescent figured out how to make plaster out of limestone, which was a breakthrough in itself. But New Guineans on the other hand, still have been using stone tools and their building structures haven't changed for centuries. This is because there was never a specialist that handles steel by making tools made of steel or something and no one ever taught the New Guineans about new structures. The Fertile Crescent wasn't the main source of the growing of farming because the area almost ended because the climate was dry and people exploited the environment, causing the communities to move on and settle somewhere else. Since the Fertile Crescent was found in a huge area of land, Eurasia. But Papua New Guinea is an island basically isolated from everyone else so no one would want to come down there because New Guineans had nothing to offer for the knowledge of this stuff. The spreading of better farming happened because of where the Fertile Crescent was located, if it wasn't around anything else it probably wouldn't have thrived in the first place, but if it did then they couldn't get it around to everyone because of where they were located. But since it was found in the middle of the biggest land mass on earth, farming spread after the civilizations had to leave the Fertile Crescent. Diamond says that the people in Papua New Guinea are less fortunate than other places because everyone has a different 'hand dealt to them'. The people in New Guinea aren't stupider then us but they just haven't been given the same technology as other people so they haven't been given the same opportunities as others. Diamond says that the answer to the New Guinean asking why Americans have so much more cargo was geography. 

In Class 1-31-11

In Class today I switched sections and we went over what section 05 did the first day of the semester, basically the same thing as my old section. We also continued to watch Guns, Germs, & Steel, we began watching about how the question given to Diamond from a New Guinean "Why do you white men have so much cargo" was a lot more important then it seemed at the beginning. We saw that there are groups of hunter gatherers everywhere, and they are there so they can actually eat because they don't have Burger King or McDonalds or anything like that, so they have to find their own food. The hunting aspect of how they get food is sometimes unsuccessful and not very constant, so gathering is used more and it is more consistent than hunting. But gathering still does not give a healthy diet. Barley and Wheat are very important natural products in Papua New Guinea and how its more nutritious than other foods that are gathered. In the Middle East, architects found remains of communities that were created at the end of the drought in the Middle East millions of years ago. This community was said to be more complex then groups of hunter gathers in Papua New Guinea today. This community is basically the group that changed most people from being huge groups of hunter gatherers into people that actually have a steady food source by growing what they know is good instead of going out and constantly move when you run out of food. Grains that were stored in the first area created to store food in were wheat and barley, the same grains hunter gatherers look for today in Papua New Guinea. The resources that were brought into this historical village weren't just amounts of it to have a supply for a limited amount of time, they brought seeds to have unlimited amounts. These people began to control nature and beginning to become the first farmers ever. After farming became known and more areas started to farm more things were being grown then just wheat and barley, the location of the area affected what was actually grown there. There were New Guinea farmers also tho, almost as old as the Middle East, but why are they still not thriving like every one else? Its because they cant store the food like groups in the Middle East and other places in the world. The type of farming is what affects the production rate an area has. 

Guns, Germs, & Steel

The movie was about how Guns, Germs, and Steel actually changed our nation and changed us into those “Haves instead of the Have nots.” Jarrod Diamond started this quest about how our nation evolved in Papua New Guinea. During his work in watching birds in Papua New Guinea, he became very interested in the people that inhabit the area. He was asked by a New Guinean “Why you white men have so much cargo, and us New Guineans have so little?” and this is what inspired Diamond’s investigation on the Western Civilization. He is asking how we progressed in the few hundred years America has been alive and how little New Guineans progressed in 40,000 years.